Ethical Dilemmas In The Workplace - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 445 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/17 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Ethical Dilemma Essay Did you like this example? As a Federal employee, we must always place loyalty to high ethical standards above private gain. Be able to understand the process and perceiving ethics rules can be very essential to fulfilling your way of how to work in a productive workplace without any drama. Durable business ethics starts at the top of the company and works its way down to every level of operations. In a code of ethics for most business can be the foundation of the guiding principles, both legal and value-oriented that companies practice to preserve their moral compass. Uncertainty an ethical dilemma arises, you should consider what is legal, what is in the code of ethics and what is the best for the people involved and the company is always the right way to handle an ethical dilemma that rise within the workplace. Leonard, K said the law is usually pretty straightforward with what is allowed and what isnt. If the ethical dilemma is thought to arise because of not following the law or because of compliance regulations, the resolution is usually straightforward, as well. Its also said that all employees are expected to obey the law. If an employee is skimming money from the register, hurting someone or forging customers signatures, disciplinary action should follow the confirmation of the illegal activity (Leonard, K. (2018, June 30). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethical Dilemmas In The Workplace" essay for you Create order Mayhew, R stated that its important to not rush into firing an employee. Follow the protocol as outlined in the employee manual, which states what to do in this instance. You usually start with restricting employee duties, pending an investigation. Although by keeping things as confidential as an investigation allows, determine if the employee actually broke the law, then call the legal authorities, if necessary. Not only do you need to stop the illegal behavior, but you also need to protect yourself and your business from adverse legal action for dismissing an employee without proper cause. Progressing a workplace policy based on your companys philosophy, mission statement, and code of conduct that can help your company flow in a productive way. Incorporate the policy into your performance management program to hold employees accountable for their actions and alert them to their responsibilities to uphold professional standards throughout their job performance and interaction with peers and supervisors. Revise your employee handbook to include the policy and provide copies of the revised handbook to employees. Obtain signed acknowledgment forms from employees that indicate they received and understand the workplace ethics policy. (Mayhew, R. (2018, June 30). I know myself working for the federal/government they are very strict about keeping the ethics code within the workplace flow as easy as possible so that no dilemma issues will come up.

Gun Control Is Not New - 1815 Words

Gun control is not new. It has been an issue here in the United States for years. Ever since the 1970s, politicians, mostly democrats, have been to trying to write and pass laws that will restrict the sale, trade, transportation, manufacturing and possession of certain guns and ammunitions. Guns, such as rifles, assault rifles, revolvers, pistols, submachine guns, and several other guns that are dangerous to the public are guns that the government wants to ban. The reason why has to do with all the mass shootings that have been occurring every year. America is divided into two groups, each with opposing views on whether the government should create laws that allow gun control. People who want several guns and ammunitions to be banned from the public are for gun control. People who are in favor of protecting guns and believe that the people have the right to have any gun are against gun control. There is one other view that is part of the gun control debate, and that is foreigners fro m outside of America. In order to understand the issue of gun control, one must know the position or view of each of the three sides involved; the first being about people in favor of gun control. As stated in the introduction, people who side with the Democratic Party tend to be in favor of writing and passing laws that allows guns to be controlled in order to protect the people. People who are for gun control believe that most of the crimes committed in cities and towns around the UnitedShow MoreRelatedGun Control Laws Is The State Of New York996 Words   |  4 PagesGun control has become a hot topic in recent times with heated debates and strong feelings coming from both sides of the issue on whether or not laws should become stricter. A frontrunner in passing gun control laws is the state of New York. The bill that was passed has tightened the parameters of a preexisting assault weapon ban to reduce the legal limit for rounds of ammunition a magazine clips can carry from ten down to seven and has lowered the previously allowed number of two military styleRead MoreTexas s New Gun Control Policy1876 Words   |  8 Pagesmeans that every single 21 year old or older gets to purchase a gun if they choose to do so and wear it out on the streets. Texas had been going back and forth on whether or not to allow this to pass and in the end it did. Many Texans had mixed emotions about the open carry system and did not approve of it due to situation that might have occurred in their lives or others that hit them hard, and/or because of the sense of fear that guns just can have on a person. Texas’ citizens are usually portrayedRead MoreArticle Review : Pro Gun Control And The New York Safe Act1379 Words   |  6 PagesThe first article that will be discussed in the Literature Review are the pro-gun control views of Robert J. Spitzer in his article NEW YORK STATE AND THE NEW YORK SAFE ACT: A CASE STUDY IN STRICT GUN LAWS. The reason that I selected this article for my Pro gun right argument is that it provided the perspec tive from a state center approach to being proactive with strict gun laws. It broadens the perspective and makes the sample size easy to analyze and makes it easy to compare to other states withRead MoreGun Control Policies Focused On The United States Of Capitol Hill, News, And Social Media2360 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction: Recently, gun control policies focused on what the 2nd amendment allows hav been on the forefront of Capitol Hill, news, and social media. Polar opposite opinions are common and have caused heated debates as well as understandable viewpoints on both sides of the argument. Some of the stakeholders that are most affected by decisions made by politicians would include hunters, criminals, those with psychological conditions, the government, and gun owners or enthusiasts. ThroughoutRead MoreDo People kill People, or do Guns Kill People1705 Words   |  7 Pagesdebate on the topic of gun control. History has shown that there are positive and negative effects of gun control laws and high profile events that have lead to a highly controversial debate. Around 1788, James Madison stated that the Second Amendment was written to assure the southern states that Congress would not â€Å"undermine the slave system by disarming the militia, which were then the principal instruments of slave control throughout the South† (Bogus 1). Gun control laws, which are laws thatRead MoreEssay about Gun Control Will Not Reduce Crime1076 Words   |  5 Pagesimplementation of gun control in the United states is a large problem as it will take away the 2nd Amendment rights and would also stop the ability of law abiding citizens to protect themselves from criminals who obtain guns illegally. The right to bear arms is promised to citizens of the United States, and to put gun control into effect is to take away their Constitutional rights. Crime is very high in cities that have few gun control laws. However, the problem will not be solved by taking guns away fromRead More America Needs Some Gun Control Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pages Gun control is the effort to restrict or limit the possession and use of guns. The gun control debate may be one of the most important issues in our society. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 2008 that the 2nd Amendment restrains the government’s ability to ban handguns. Some politicians are passionate about gun control and make voting decisions based upon on this issue alone; hence, the people we elect into office directly affect our lives. A few republican politicians have a strongRead MoreGun Control and Mass Shootings1442 Words   |  6 Pages Gun Control The occurence of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting of December 14, 2012, in Newtown, Connecticut. The gunman, was 20-year-old Adam Lana, who first shot and killed his mother at their Newtown home. He then drove to Sandy Hook Elementary School where he fatally shot 20 children and 6 adult staff members. As first responders arrived, Lana committed suicide by shooting himself in the head. The shooting began at approximately 9:30 a.m. Sandy Hook was the deadliest mass shooting atRead More Gun Control Laws Take Guns Away from Law-abiding Citizens Essay1293 Words   |  6 Pages Gun control is a very big issue in the United States today. Many people dont agree with the gun control laws that they have today. Gun control laws only take guns away from law-abiding citizens. Many people have their own reasons for owning a gun. Why would the government want to make it harder for people to own a gun? People that own guns are not very likely to be attacked by criminals. Owning a han dgun is one of the best ways of protection. The second amendment states the right to bearRead MoreEssay On Gun Control1248 Words   |  5 PagesViews on Gun Control Gun control is one of the few things in today’s society that is a major problem and that is extremely prevalent in the United States. This phenomenon has been a controversy for decades that is still highly debated today. One of the reasons why this topic is so important is because of how dangerous firearms can be towards others or even yourself. Just in the past couple of years there has been multiple incidents involving firearms and death. For example, the shootings at Sandy

Travel To Medical Destinations Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(38) " if the process is successfully done\." India, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand have become popular for cardiac and orthopedic surgery while the states in Central and South America has construct a good repute in decorative surgery and dental attention. The medical services offered in India cost merely approximately 10 % of those in the United States. As dental and decorative surgery are non covered by the companies that provide wellness insurance, patients from Canada and United Kingdom prosecute Medical Tourism to acquire the process done at the lowest and attractive cost. We will write a custom essay sample on Travel To Medical Destinations Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Peoples besides travel to the medical finishs as some of the interventions like root cell therapy are restricted in the industrialized states and are available at these topographic points. Peoples wanting to make processs like drug rehabilitation would go abroad for privateness. Some people frequently make medical circuit as a portion of their holidaies at some epicurean topographic points. Modern engineering helps the tourers to look into and happen the proper finish. Peoples could set up health care anyplace in the universe through cyberspace and can besides near the agents for advice. The research besides states that, the gross generated by finish states by supplying medical services to foreign patients can be used to better the quality of attention given to the citizens of those states. I have Chosen this article as it highlights the outgrowth of medical touristry and its sustainability in developing states. It besides discusses about the increasing popularity of medical touristry and provinces that about 1.2 million patients travelled to India and 1.1 million travelled to Thailand in the twelvemonth 2004. It is besides estimated that by 2012 medical touristry in Asia could bring forth gross of about $ 4.4 million. It besides explores assorted grounds which make people prosecute medical circuit to these finishs. This article chiefly discusses about the function of private sector and the Government of certain states in the growing of medical touristry. Well developed autochthonal medical systems and outgrowth of new engineering have played an first-class function in back uping medical touristry among western states for several old ages. Among the Asiatic states, this signifier of touristry is a new tendency and it is the private infirmaries in those states that account maximal for pulling foreign patients. Bumrungrad infirmary in Thailand was one among the first few infirmaries to concentrate on this field. Government has besides led the development of this industry in several states like Malaysia where a commission has been formed for the publicity of wellness touristry. Similarly the authorities of Hong Kong has been doing efforts to market its traditional medical specialty. The article besides mentions about the diminution in figure of foreign patients sing the United States. Tightening of the in-migration regulations and security cheque is one among its chief causes. As a consequence of this more patients particularly from the Middle East move to France, UK, Germany and Australia as options. Still the market potency in these states is really less compared to the Asiatic states. Growth of this industry is really much related to the quality of medical services provided as patients travel abroad with batch of outlooks. The article references about certain infirmaries in Australia that focus non merely on malignant neoplastic disease but on assorted specifications of tegument malignant neoplastic disease. Hence to back up this, nurses are specially trained and are called Oncology nurses. The quality of service is even supported by the hardware investings such as MRI or Gamma Knife machines and package investings as good. Certain infirmaries besides provide not medical services to its foreign patients such as logistics and adjustment. London Bridge Hospital provides direct airdrome choice up is an illustration mentioned in the article. The article concludes by saying about the selling reforms. Web sites, crystalline pricing strategies, in-flight magazines etc has become the chief platform for advertisement. Certain infirmaries have even started their bureaus in other states. Cromwell infirmary in U.K is one among those which has offices in India and Pakistan. I ‘ve chosen this article as it mentions about the consequence of Government and private sector on the sustainability of Medical Tourism. It besides points about the industry ‘s sustainability issues in United States even though the writer has n’t discussed much about it. It besides states about the impact of quality of service on medical touristry to stay sustainable and concludes stipulating the ways of advertisement used by the infirmaries. The article characterises dental touristry as an illustration of globalization. It is a fact that dental surgeries are the most expensive among all medical processs and are non covered by most of the insurance suppliers. There are several grounds which lead people to go overseas for acquiring their alveolar consonant processs done. Huge cost of this process at the place state itself is a ground that makes people fly abroad to states where it is done at much lower cost. Second the long waiting list at the place state to acquire entree to a local alveolar consonant physician makes people think about prosecuting dental touristry. It is besides understood by the people that lower monetary values does n’t ensue in lower quality of the dental process. Even though dental touristry is considered as an illustration of globalization, the writer references that the motion of dental tourers in states like U.K, U.S and Australia are more regional compared to other countries of medical touristry. Most of the people from United Kingdom move to states like Bulgaria, Hungary, Croatia, Romania and Poland. Similarly the Americans and the Australians move to their neighbouring states instead traveling to states which are far off. Apart from the benefits of Dental Tourism, there are even certain hazards associated with it. Most of the dental processs are done in episodes that create trouble for the people winging down from far away states sing the cogency of their visas. Dental surgery may make farther complications even if the process is successfully done. You read "Travel To Medical Destinations Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" In such instances people will be helpless as they have to depend on the local tooth doctors and stop up passing a immense sum of money. Traveling lawfully against such carelessness of attention is non practical as the dental touristry companies make the clients sign liability signifiers which provinces, if legal actions are to be initiated, the clients should turn to the tribunals of the state where the dental infirmary is situated. Despite all the hazards associated, figure of people traveling abroad for dental surgeries keeps increasing as they find the hazards are negligible compared to the benefits and hence there is an tremendous growing in dental touristry. I ‘ve chosen this article as it deals about an interesting country of medical touristry. The article explores the benefits and hazards associated with dental touristry and references that the hazards are negligible compared to benefits. Thus the issues related to the sustainability of dental touristry have been discussed in the article. This article is about organ organ transplant between people from different states, besides known as transplant touristry and the function of insurance companies on such issues. The beginnings of organ are frequently from citizens of the state where graft is performed or can be the life givers whom the receivers bring abroad. As of 19th January 2007 there were about 95,000 patients waiting for organ graft in the United States. In 2004, about 26,500 variety meats were transplanted. In the same period over 7000 patients died waiting for graft. It is besides projected by the United web of organ sharing that by 2010, there would be100000 patients waiting for kidney and the mean waiting list would be 10 old ages. Taking all these to history, the insurance company are taking stairss to turn to the jobs of organ handiness, long waiting list and higher cost, therefore advancing transplant touristry. Some medical insurance companies have even bundled travel and wellness attention to one individual bundle. The article has besides mentioned about the ethical footings of transplant touristry. In some instances of life givers from states where guidelines do non be, they would hold been expressly paid to donate. Forced bridal contribution may besides go on. Apart from that the writers have besides discussed about the safety issues of transplant touristry. It is mentioned that populating donor graft gives the better result but there are certain clinical hazard associated. When a giver travels to a foreign state there will be travel hazards and besides complications due to hapless hygiene in abroad infirmaries. The epidemic catching diseases are besides a large hazard for the life givers from abroad. Another complication associated is the long term attention of givers. One of the writers has mentioned his experience where he finds many U.S givers lacks personal wellness insurance. In such instances there is a hazard of fiscal load for such givers when the coverage from the receiver ‘s policy ends. The writer besides mentions about the multiple victims of the transplant touristry patterns. They are the giver, the receiver and the abroad occupant patients expecting graft. States like Australia and New Zealand have created a system of dual waiting list, one for occupants and the other for non occupants. The non occupants will hold entree merely if it is determined that no suited allotment can be made to the occupants. The article concludes by stipulating that the pattern of organ touristry is non ethical even though increasing transplant handiness is a worthy end. This article has been chosen as it deals with the issues of organ touristry besides known as transplant touristry. The article discusses about both the benefits and even the unethical nature of organ touristry. The increasing statistical figures of people waiting for graft show that transplant touristry remains sustainable. This article deals with an unethical pattern of transplant touristry known as organ trafficking. Certain people selling variety meats are non merely the giver beginnings as their chief focal point would be money. Organ trafficking can affect agencies of menace, maltreatment of power and other agencies of development such as giving or receiving of payment or benefits to accomplish the consent of a individual holding control over another individual. The fiscal consideration becomes the chief precedence alternatively of wellness concerns by doing organ, the chief trade good of commercial dealing. The writers have besides clearly mentioned that non all medical touristry affecting the crossing of boundary lines by the graft receivers or givers are associated with organ trafficking. Transplant touristry is legal and there are different regulations in different states sing the graft of variety meats. The article explores about the extent of organ trafficking. States such as Pakistan and Philippines do non hold any legal processs for organ graft. These states do non even let go of the information of figure of foreign patients going at that place. It was estimated by WHO in 2007 that, 5 – 10 % of kidney organ transplant around the Earth occur as a portion of organ trade. It was besides estimated that at least 100 subjects from states such as Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Taiwan and South Korea travelled abroad for commercial kidney organ transplant annually. Few people from Australia, India, United States, Canada, Japan, Oman and Morocco besides travelled as tourers for trafficked variety meats. The most lurid observation was in China where 11,000 grafts were performed from executed captives. China has late adopted Human Transplantation Act that bans commerce and as a ground of this, the figure of grafts to foreign patients has been reduced by 50 % . Israel besides would forbid the insurance reimbursement for Israelis who perform graft from states where purchasing or merchandising of organ is illegal. The article concludes by stipulating about the attack of organisations such as WHO in happening options to battle this commercialization. At a regional audience held in Kuwait by WHO, it opposed transplant touristry that includes securities firm. It crafted statement eyeing towards certain ends that include the development of legal model on organ organ transplant and doing it crystalline in every state. The statement besides mentions that the insurance companies should non back up this illegal pattern. The ground for taking this article is, it highlights about the sick patterns of transplant touristry. Medical touristry has become a platform for organ trafficking. It besides mentions about the extent of organ trafficking and the steps taken by WHO to contend them. Generative touristry is a portion of medical touristry where people, for obtaining desired medically assisted reproduction, travel organize one establishment, legal power or state where intervention is unavailable due to certain limitations, to another establishment, legal power or state. The limitation or regulations may non needfully be legal but can be the personal moral strong beliefs of wellness attention supplier, policy of establishment etc. Many European states, Australia and United States have n’t put much limitation on it and U.S has known this phenomenon particularly for abortion for a long clip. The tourers who perform generative touristry are called birthrate tourers. The writer has focused on Belgium as he is more familiar with it. A survey states that 30 % of patients coming for IVF intervention in Belgium are from abroad. Besides 60 % of patients bespeaking oocyte contribution are besides from abroad with the Gallic accounting for the highest in figure. Lot of patients fly from Germany as oocyte contribution and IVF are non allowed in the state. Long waiting list, deficiency of expertness and cost can besides be the factors which lead people to see generative touristry other than the moral grounds and intervention inaccessibility. In most of the states, cost for all IVF rhythms are non reimbursed. Apart from the factors that leads people prosecute this sort of touristry, the article besides discusses about certain solutions to avoid it. The writer references that the best solution is to follow a soft jurisprudence that does non enforce rigorous prohibitions or duties on anyone in all states. The jurisprudence does non reflect the moral place of any group as the station modern society has got battalion of ethical motives and spiritual positions. It can besides be avoided if the intervention is done merely to citizens of the state. Prevention of people from traversing boundary lines for this sort of intervention can besides be practiced. An illustration of such sort of bar mentioned is about Ireland seting prohibition on Irish adult females winging to the Great Britain for abortion. The writer concludes the article by showing his return on the pluralistic society with battalion of ethical motives and values. He mentions that generative touristry is the solution found by the minorities when moral struggle occurs. This article has been chosen as it explores an uneven portion of medical touristry known as generative or fertility touristry. This class of medical touristry has certain moral values go arounding around it and different people in the society have different positions on it. The sustainability of medical touristry is ever associated with the moral values and positions of the people. Different ways to avoid Generative touristry has besides been discussed in the article. Ayurveda is the major medical tradition and the cardinal component of India ‘s touristry market. It is besides linked with cultural touristry as it includes largely the traditional manner of intervention. The Westerners and the citizens of Southeast Asia and West Asia are the most among those attracted towards Ayurvedic touristry. Ayurveda is most popular in Kerala, the south western province of India and is besides been visited by the people from Northern portion of the state. Ayurvedic practicians represent it in a traditional context every bit good as in the context of modernness. . Migration of workers from Kerala to the gulf states and many new age Gurus history for increasing the popularity of Ayurveda in the planetary degree. Lots of Ayurvedic pharmaceuticals and clinics have been opened universe broad late. The clinics in South Asia have developed many Ayurvedic resorts that attract tourers overseas. Ayurvedic Tourism is even promoted by the major infirmaries that sell bio medical and surgical services to the patients abroad by offering trips to Ayurvedic Centres during patient ‘s recovery period. The geographics of Kerala is an added advantage for Ayurvedic touristry market in India. In the recent old ages, Ayurvedic practicians have found a new technique for marketing Ayurveda to do it more acceptable in all parts of the universe. It has been accomplished as a manner of relaxation and massage instead than the complicated system of diagnosing and healing. This attracted more and more tourers from several parts of the universe and therefore became major beginning of income for the resorts in the state. The pupils who graduate in Ayurvedic medical specialty started acquiring recruited in the resorts and their demand keeps lifting. They could besides gain immense wages from it but they waste their endowment as the people being treated are those with out any sort unwellness and so, they have nil much to make with the things they really studied. Local infirmaries in the state have improved the in patient installations to run into the demand and to pull foreign patients. Today people pursue Ayurvedic intervention for two grounds. One set of people considered as serious patients undergo the intervention to better their chronic wellness conditions while others visit the resorts as a portion of pleasance trip. The ground for taking this article is that it deals with the field of medical touristry that is even linked with civilization and tradition of the part. Not merely patients but all sort of tourers pursue Ayurvedic touristry. The chapter discusses about the alteration of path of Ayurveda from the system of diagnosing and healing to the manner of relaxation and massage. This attracts more tourers and hence makes it stay sustainable. The article describes medical touristry as new signifier of niche touristry. High cost of medical attention, long waiting lists, low-cost airfare and favorable economic exchange rates have constituted to the growing of medical touristry in the recent old ages. Though Asiatic states are ruling, several other states have sought to come in this field. The rise of new companies which act as the agents between infirmaries and the tourers besides account to the growing along with the cyberspace. Proper selling is being done as the medical attention bit by bit moved to the private sector. States like India, Singapore and Thailand which dominate in the industry have linked medical attention to touristry by hiking the attractive force of the beaches near by. South Africa and the Latin American states have besides become outstanding in the industry in the recent old ages. The Caribbean provinces have found it hard to come in the industry as its monetary values can non vie with those of Latin American states. As a consequence of this states like Cuba and Antigua have started to specialize in certain medical Fieldss like tegument diseases, dental medicine etc. The Middle Eastern states have besides shown their involvement in come ining the market and Dubai has built a Health Care City as a consequence of it. They compete on quality as they are unable to vie on monetary value with the other Asiatic states and hold given importance to stigmatization. Saudi Arabia has entered the market by associating medical touristry with the pilgrim’s journey visits to the state. Hospitals in certain states have even started links with air passages for advancing the industry. The article besides mentions that the currency fluctuations have a great influence on medical touristry. The writer mentioned an illustration of a infirmary in South Africa that went from 30 patients a month in 2003 to none in 2005 as South African currency rose its value against the U.S Dollars. The writer says that selling of medical touristry is frequently linked with geographics of the finish. As already mentioned in the beginning, some Asiatic states link medical touristry with close by beaches, the article besides mentions about the nexus of Ayurvedic touristry in Kerala to the house boats and back Waterss at that place. It has besides become a portion of pleasance touristry where people ‘s primary purpose would be touring for pleasance and would see near by medical Centres as a portion of it. This article has been chosen as it mentions about the states doing effort to come in the medical touristry industry other than those ruling the field and their selling schemes adopted to vie with the dominants. It besides discusses about the nexus of medical touristry with other Fieldss of touristry and their common benefits. Relation of medical touristry to currency fluctuation has besides been discussed in the article. The article begins by briefing on medical touristry and its function in different states. The writers mention about the jutting statistics of people prosecuting medical touristry which has already been discussed in the old articles of the annotated bibliography. The factors impacting people to go abroad for intervention has besides been mentioned. The writers so discuss about telemedicine and reference that it is the usage of information and communicating systems to back up the patients. In the past decennary there has been a dramatic growing in the telemedicine engineering, though it was established about half a century ago. The proficient portion of telemedicine has besides been mentioned in the article. The article besides mentions about the influence of telemedicine on medical touristry and its benefits. Telemedicine brings a great value to the patients who fly back place after the intervention as it is used as a follow up to the intervention obtained. Well equipped call Centres have been established with trained physicians and nurses having calls from the patients. Nurses so make follow up calls to look into the advancement of the patients. The outlooks and satisfaction of medical tourers related to telemedicine has besides been explored in the article. It states that the tourer who experience telemedicine prior to the medical circuit will hold significantly more satisfaction compared to those sing it merely after the circuit. From the organizational position, telemedicine during the station medical circuit would be highly utile as they could acquire the feedback from the patients and helps them to better their quality and criterion. The article concludes by adverting that telemedicine is built into the twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours pattern of medical touristry. The writers have besides discussed about the inauspicious consequence of telemedicine on medical touristry. If the telemedicine service is of hapless quality, it may hold a negative impact on the over all experience. This article has been chosen as it discusses about the nexus of Medical touristry with certain elements of engineering by foregrounding the impact of telemedicine on the sustainability of medical touristry. It besides mentions about the benefits of telemedicine from the patients every bit good as the organizational position. Use of telemedicine increases the outlooks of tourers prosecuting medical touristry and besides benefits them in the station intervention period. Certain subjects in this book reference about the hazards and dangers associated with medical touristry. The writer calls medical industry as an unusual industry as the clients have to pay even if they die on the tabular array. The hazards associated with the intervention will be the same at place every bit good as abroad. The things that differ are the processs to travel lawfully against the medical suppliers if any malpractice or carelessness occurs and it is non an easy undertaking to action the medical suppliers overseas. The writer references that there are physicians who perform unneeded surgery for money even in the United States. Institute of Medicine in U.S has reported that 48,000 to 98,000 patients die in a twelvemonth due to medical mistakes. It is estimated by the wellness attention committee that one out of 10 patients in infirmaries in developed states fall victim to errors such as incorrect diagnosing, incorrect dose of drugs etc. Other hazards mentioned are the different sorts of disease in foreign states caused due to unfamiliar sources in the H2O and air. When the patients return place, the physician abroad can ne’er give a proper follow up and it will ever be hard for a physician at place to take up the instance of another physician. Lots of other hazards associated with medical touristry have besides been mentioned in the book. It besides discusses about the issues sing medical malpractices. The writer says that the physicians are worlds and no medical systems are perfect, therefore the patients meaning to acquire the intervention should hold a elaborate contract. Still it is non easy to action a physician if anything goes incorrect and the writer mentions the illustration of a tooth doctor neglecting to detect that the patient has mouth malignant neoplastic disease before make fulling the tooth. In such instances, the tooth doctor can non be easy sued even if heshe belongs to the place state. It becomes even more hard if the tooth doctor belongs to a different state where the linguistic communication, the Torahs and the tribunal systems are different. The agents besides would non take the duty as the carelessness or malpractices are non committed by their staffs, except a few mediators like LasikAbroad.co.uk. The writer eventually references that no infirmaries would wish to free their name and repute as the media is strong and besides the competition additions. Hospitals would besides non wish to be known for using underqualified physicians. Subjects of this book have been chosen as it explores the hazards associated with medical touristry. Peoples going to the 3rd universe states would ever believe about the effects before doing determinations. Medical malpractices, carelessness etc have ever been a menace to medical touristry along with hazards such as diseases in foreign states as mentioned. Terrorism, route accidents etc are some of the other menaces non merely to medical touristry but besides to all sorts of touristry. Summary: The 10 articles of the bibliography Jockey shortss about the different issues associated with medical touristry and its sustainability from societal and economic position. The articles have been summarised from diaries and selected chapters of books on medical touristry. The annotated bibliography Begins by discoursing about the range of medical touristry in developing states like India, Thailand etc. Old system of going to the developed states for better intervention has undergone a alteration. Higher cost of intervention, low-cost airfares etc are the chief grounds that lead people to prosecute medical circuit. There are even people who take intervention abroad for privateness grounds. Different states are popular for different medical processs. It is mentioned in the article that Asiatic states are popular for cardiac and orthopedic surgery, while Central and South American states provide the best alveolar consonant and decorative surgeries. Medical touristry has become the chief beginning of income in certain states and the gross generated is been used to better the quality of intervention given to the citizens of the state. As the popularity of medical touristry rose, the agents linking the clients and the infirmaries have besides grown in figure. Lots of cyberspace web sites have been developed to back up the patients meaning to prosecute medical circuit. The research besides mentions about the support given by the authorities of certain states for elating the industry. Private sectors are besides making proper selling to pull foreign patients to the state. Some of the articles in the annotated bibliography high spots about different Fieldss of medical touristry such as alveolar consonant, graft and generative touristry. Dental surgeries are the most expensive 1s among all medical processs. Dental and decorative surgeries are besides non covered by about all the insurance companies. Dental touristry has certain hazards in it as the process is done in episodes that make it hard for foreign patients. But the hazards are negligible while sing the cost and waiting list of dental processs in the developed states. Certain articles have mentioned about the dramatic addition of dental tourers in recent decennary. Two articles in the bibliography are related to transfer touristry and this field of medical touristry has raised a batch of jobs. Transplant touristry trades with organ contribution and many states have rigorous jurisprudence sing contribution of variety meats like kidney. Number of patients in the universe, waiting for variety meats is estimated to be really immense. It is been noted in the article that most of the people in demand of organ travels to topographic points where the jurisprudence and guidelines are weak. In those states, activities such as forced spousal contribution are reported to be really high in figure. The 5th article emphasises about the unethical nature of transplant touristry known as organ trafficking. The research besides mentions the statistical figures of people involved in illegal organ trade. Another field of medical touristry discussed in the research is generative touristry. This is considered to be an uneven portion of medical touristry. Peoples pursue generative touristry chiefly because those sorts of interventions are against the moral values of their ain state and will be unavailable. Peoples will hold different positions on it and these positions and values affect the sustainability of generative touristry The 7th article trades with a signifier of traditional medical touristry known as ayurvedic touristry. Ayurvedic touristry is said to be the cardinal component of touristry industry in India. The geographics of Kerala, the south western province of India along with the pattern of Ayurveda creates a roar in the touristry market in India. This article even shows the nexus of medical touristry with civilizations and tradition. Medical touristry is even linked with the geographics of topographic points. Articles have mentioned that infirmaries in some states use the beauty of its beaches as selling scheme of medical touristry in that state. In such instances, people can bask the natural beauty along with the medical intervention. The research besides mentions about the function of engineering such as telemedicine in conveying an impact on the sustainability of medical touristry. Telemedicine is good for medical touristry in many ways and it has the capableness of hiking up the medical touristry market. But in many ways it can be a menace every bit good, particularly when people experience a low quality telemedicine before the circuit. Finally, the research discusses about the hazard and danger associated with medical touristry. Medical malpractices and carelessness are common issues in medical industry everyplace around the Earth. The impacts of these issues get strengthen as patients travel a long manner to far off states. But the research even references that bigger infirmaries would ne’er wish to free their name and repute and hence they would ever seek to maintain away the hazards associated. Decision: The articles about medical touristry, its assorted Fieldss, different facets, links with other signifiers of touristry and engineering etc has been discussed in the annotated bibliography. This makes merely a few articles sing medical touristry and there are batch of other articles that does a deep research on it. An overview of the topic can be obtained from the research made. From the articles it is clear that medical touristry has made itself large in the touristry industry in certain developing states. There are batch of positive every bit good as negative facets associated with it. But as a whole, it can be concluded that medical touristry is a sustainable signifier of touristry. Some recommendations can be made to better on certain issues: Organ trafficking is an unethical issue that keeps increasing along with the publicity of transplant touristry. All states should beef up their Torahs to cut down the illegal trade of variety meats. Medical suppliers should ever esteem the moral values of states where the patients come from. Generative touristry is one such field of medical touristry in which batch of processs are against moral values and moralss. Hospitals should seek to protect those values. Use of telemedicine can convey a positive every bit good as negative impact on medical touristry as discussed in the article. Care must be taken while using the telemedicine staffs. Well qualified physicians and nurses should be employed as it plays a large function in the class of intervention. The effects of medical malpractices and carelessness are really large as it deals with life of human. Peoples travel long distances with tonss of outlook. Articles have mentioned about physicians executing unwanted surgeries for money. Government should make ways to command such illegal activities as it is non easy for the patients to action foreign physicians if such things happen. How to cite Travel To Medical Destinations Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Career Development Plan Part Iv - Compensation free essay sample

Now that we have structured our new team, identified their roles, identified ways to manage their performance and created an appraisal system we are now proposing a new compensation plan. This part will outline the plan, describe how it will help motivate employee performance, describe our total rewards program and outline how this program will benefit the individual and InterClean. Account Executive Financial Compensation Plan Compensation structures can be broken down into two distinct categories, financial and non-financial (Cascio, 2006). This section overviews the financial compensation plan for account executives, which includes pay and benefits. Account executive pay will be primarily commission based. Each account executive will receive a base salary at minimum wage, with the rest of their salary coming from commission. We feel that a generous commission structure will motivate performance because pay will have a direct correlation with sales volume. We structured our proposed commission plan to reflect InterClean new strategic direction (University of Phoenix, 2007), and how employees are rated in their quarterly appraisal. This means a focus on retention, up-selling and volume. Account executives will receive 8% commission on sales for the first six-months of revenue. 10% commission on sales after six-months of continuous revenue. 13% commission on sales after one-year of continuous revenue. 13% commission on up-sells and account executives that meet their quarterly sales volume will also receive a bonus equaling 3% of total revenue earned. New Business Account Executive, The New Business Account Executive has different goals, and therefore a different pay scale will apply. He or she will receive a base salary of $30,000 per year, plus a 3% quarterly commission on revenues earned from the accounts he or she acquired. We feel that this structure will adequately reflect the difference between new account acquisition and account retention. Cumulatively, the maximum amount of commission paid on revenues to account executives would be 19%. In related to the benefits Account Executives will receive the standard benefits due to all InterClean employees, including; †¢ Health Insurance with employee share of cost †¢ 401k match 14 days paid vacation †¢ 6 days sick time †¢ Health, Financial, Stress and Motivational Counseling through our employee wellness program. Managerial Financial Compensation Plan The managerial financial compensation plan will focus on overall team performance. We feel that creating a plan that rewards managers for team performance helps ensure management’s focus on creating a strong team that meets financial objec tives. Managers will receive a base salary dependent on their pay grade, ranging from $50,000 annual for the solution expert and $65,000 annually for the sales manager. The rest of their salary will be based on team performance as 3% commission on total revenues per quarter of all account executives that have met his or her goal, and 2% on total revenues per quarter if all account executives meet their goals. We feel that paying based on meeting objectives, and sharing in total revenues accomplishes two important things such as rewards managers who ensure account executives meet their goals by providing the tools and support they need. And it encourages over-achieving by not setting a limit on revenue sharing. In terms of the benefits, managerial employees share in the aforementioned benefits, and are given one additional week of paid vacation (five days) per year. As mentioned, compensation does not only include financial compensation; there are certain non-financial rewards that motivate employee performance, increase loyalty and decrease turnover. The following non-financial rewards were chosen based on a survey conducted in the United Kingdom (Employee Benefits, 2006) as additional â€Å"perks† for employees. Sales Employees, All sales employees are eligible the following reward package flexible working arrangements. Employees can work at home when appropriate on dates arranged between them and their manager. Flexible work time is the top-rated non-financial reward in the UK survey (Employee Benefits, 2006) and offering such an arrangement can increase productivity by diminishing stress caused by work-life conflicts. And corporate gym membership also ranked high on the survey, and using our corporate pull to offer a free membership not only encourages wellness, but exercise has countless benefits such as stress relief, increased creativity, and energy. Also, we will include employee discount at restaurants. Using the promise of higher volume by internally promoting local restaurants to our employees, HR has arranged for employee discounts at local restaurants. This benefit decreases the costs of lunch for our employees and gives them another reason to value InterClean. Managerial Rewards, The following rewards are available to managers in addition to the preceding rewards available to all employees such as use of company vehicle: Surprisingly, the UK survey listed â€Å"sports car as company vehicle† as the number one â€Å"benefit they don’t receive but wish they had† (Employee Benefits, 2006, para4. . Company gas card, not only should our sales manager ride in prestige, but we understand that the majority of driving they do benefits our company, so they also have use of our company gas card. The compensation and rewards system outlined in this plan are geared to motivate performance by tying pay directly to the revenue gained for InterClean. Our new strategy of fo cusing on solution-based selling (University of Phoenix, 2007) means we must grow retention, up selling, and total volume. This plan rewards all three by reducing the base pay of account executives, increasing commission and tiering commission based on retention and up selling. We reward achievers and not low-performers. Tying managerial pay directly to the performance of the team rewards good managers (Vigoda-Gadot Angert, 2007. ) Finally, offering a substantial but not overly high base pay takes into account fluctuating economic and environmental constraints. Offering bonuses quarterly rather than annual avoids penalizing employees for one bad quarter, which can happen to even the best sales person. Finally, our reward system is built to make InterClean a great place to work, that values the employees well-being and offers perks as part of the job. Offering this reward system can help InterClean retain the best possible account executives and managers (Cascio, 2006). Because we offer competitive pay and creative rewards that ease the work-life conundrum, and add a certain level of prestige to those who work for InterClean.

Cohens Acting Power Essays - Alignment, De, , Term Papers

Cohen's Acting Power The main point of Cohens Acting Power is balance. In the book, he brings up concepts, sites examples, sometimes brings exercises to help his point, and restates the point. I personally did not like this book, but I did not hate it. At times, it was confusing, very vague, and hard to understand, but at the same time, this indicates the difficulty of the concepts Cohen is conveying. Many of the ideas and concepts in this book are hard to explain by word, much less typed word, so I gave this book more patience than I normally would with a regular textbook. One aspect that I did really like, was how Cohen brought everything back into focus in the last chapter on Alignment. Alignment is how an actor chooses to handle the four attributes to a performance; situation, character, style and performance. Proper alignment of how an actor handles the situation, the behavior and style of the character, and performing in front of an audience usually brings a good performance. It isnt enough to get three out of four, because each attribute is important. Throughout the book, I found things that I had trouble grasping, and many times, they didnt seem like theyre related to each other, but at the end of the book, the chapter on alignment, it all made much more sense to me. The book is structured like how alignment should be constructed. In the first two chapters it went through stuff about situations, then character, then style and performance. At the end, the book tied how everything relates. I think that the most important thing I got from this book, is the relacom concepts. I found if I translate almost every line of a scene, the intentions reveal themselves, and the delivery of line, is much more convincing. Another concept that I have always wanted to express, but couldnt find the words, is the idea of ethno-centricity. I cant remember which chapter it was in, but it explained that everyone thinks their own world is the center, and to properly build a character, sometimes you must lose this ethno-centiricity. Acting Power has not enhanced my acting as much as I would like it, but skimming this book for this question, I found that I had missed some concepts that previously, I did not understand. More and more often, I try to break down dialog in relacom terms, and see their intentions to comprehend things better. I feel that if I can maintain this habit, then my acting can improve. Book Reports

Elements of Mythology in Popular American Culture Watching the Phoenix Rising from the Ashes

Elements of Mythology in Popular American Culture Watching the Phoenix Rising from the Ashes Despite the fact that Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome vanished long ago, their culture has not fallen into oblivion. Though the characters of the Greek and Roman mythology no longer seem just as credible as the Ancient Greeks and Romans saw them, these characters are still an integral element of the modern culture, and especially pop culture. However, the elements of mythology might not factor in the content of the pop culture Justas well as the authors of the reference think.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Elements of Mythology in Popular American Culture: Watching the Phoenix Rising from the Ashes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the most famous examples of the use of the ancient mythology characters in popular culture must be the mentioning of the famous Greek goddess, Venus, in one of the recent commercials, which is, in fact, based on a song about Venus. In the commercial, some elements of the song are u sed, with Jennifer Lopez performing. On the one hand, the idea of femininity which the whole commercial is shot through seems to be quite in tune with the image of Venus. However, such lines as â€Å"Feeling confidence and strength† can hardly be attributed to the Greek idea of femininity, especially strength, which is a purely male feature in the Ancient Greek mythology. Therefore, the authors of the commercial turned the Greek mythical beauty into a modern image of a femme fatale. Hence, it can be admitted that the authors of the commercial have offered a peculiar idea; however, this idea landed too far from the original context. The second example can be considered cheating, since the product itself is a reference to the Ancient Greek mythology with a number of references to the rpeesent-0day pop culture. Hercules was a huge innovation at the time, and a new way of telling the old story. However, it is still a movie for children, which is why it should be viewed as a moder n story about a man learning where he belongs, with an Ancient Greek background. However, it still seems that basing a movie for children on such an ambiguous character as Hercules, who further on killed his wife, Megara, does not seem a good idea. To avoid the controversy, the movie director had to cut a lot of essential elements, making it another coming-of-age story, but not an interpretation of a myth. Finally, comic books as a huge chunk of the modern era must be considered. In one of the most famous comic universes, DC, a character based on one of the most famous Ancient Greek mythological creatures, a phoenix, was created. Jean Grey, known further on as Phoenix, turns into the above-mentioned creature, bringing destruction and chaos into the entire universe. This is another good example of reviving the long-forgotten myths. The comic book adds an important social context to the image of the mythological bird, i.e., the idea of equality, which, as a phoenix, cannot be killed, defeated or washed away by the sands of time.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It seems that the use of the elements of Greek and Roman mythology in the context of the present-day popular culture can be justified by the proper use of the aforementioned elements. For instance, when referring to a certain idea which has already been expressed in some of the famous Greek myths, or when developing a character that can relate to one of the characters in the ancient mythology, the latter can be used. However, the use of these elements must make sense both regarding the source material and the new context; otherwise the whole idea will most likely fall flat. BeyondBeautifulJLO. â€Å"Jennifer Lopez’s Gillette Venus Commercial.† YouTube. 3 Feb. 2012. Web. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__B2s68et-o. Hercules. Ex. Prod. Ron Clemens, John Musker and Barry Jo hnson. Burbank, CA: Walt Disney Pictures.1997. DVD. Phoenix (Jean Grey) n. d. Web. http://i.annihil.us/u/prod/marvel//universe3zx/images/6/6a/JeanGrey442.jpg.

Information and Systems for Competitive Advantage Research Paper

Information and Systems for Competitive Advantage - Research Paper Example The researcher states that for many organizations, such Web sites are helpful to customers because they are able to acquire resources, as opposed to determining requirements for resources. On the other hand, customers make use of the sites for determination of requirements, as opposed to using them for acquisition purposes. At the same time, the Web helps firms to be in a position to compete in the manner expected. CLRC is advantageous due to the fact that it is able to provide guidance that assists in the search for SIS opportunities by focusing on the needs of customers. Products that are provided by an organization to its customers appear as supporting resources from the point of view of the customers. This is due to the fact that a customer must go through a kind of resource lifecycle to acquire them, and this requires a significant amount of effort and time to manage. The ability of a supplier in assisting a customer to manage this lifecycle enables them to differentiate themsel ves from the competition, thus creating a competitive edge. The differentiation method applied may be in form of enhanced customer service, the introduction of direct cost savings or investing in ICT. The relationship between ICT and the CRLC framework is crucial especially in today’s technologically advanced world due to the fact that enhancement of customer service/ experience is largely dependent on the advancement. Various studies have been carried out to determine the prevalence of ICT in the wine industry; different forms of ICT used in the industry, how they are applied and incorporated in the various operations, what they are used for, their importance in enabling production, as well as the factors that could influence their use.

Z302-ch15 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Z302-ch15 - Case Study Example 15.2 If one is in charge of the restructuring efforts at Starbucks, rather than imposing the needed changes, which would apparently generate savings for the organization, one would first solicit inputs, comments, suggestions from the employees themselves to determine the best practices and techniques that evidently have been used and proved to be effective in facilitating exemplary service to the customers. By enjoining the employees’ participation, resistance to the proposals for change would be minimized and other suggestions could even prove to be more efficient in cost-savings and revenue maximization for the organization. 15.3 An expansion and venture in China would necessitate being more aware of the cultural facets that are being practiced by the people. A change in organizational structure for Starbucks should therefore incorporate a point-person or management personnel who would be in charge of overseeing cultural awareness and practices which fit the national culture of China. Likewise, if people to be employed in Starbucks stores would be predominantly of Chinese descent, then, relevant inputs should first be solicited from these people to determine which values, norms, traditions, and preferences could be channeled towards the organizational culture and which could be slowly integrated as part of the organizational culture and structure of the home country. These are significant to avoid resistance to change and to ensure smooth transitions to a culture which is significantly different from that of the

Video Project Reflection Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video Project Reflection Paper - Essay Example In our case, the whole concept of professionalism boarded on respect, both for other members as well as for oneself. The task and the entire project were daunting, and it took a toll on everyone’s schedules; without self-respect, we would not manage to get everything going within the stipulated timeframe. Fortunately, most of us were extremely focused and aligned with the project’s requirements. As such, we exhibited a great deal of professionalism with respect to the expedition. However, a little lack of professionalism still surfaced, at some point some would not complete their duties in time, but with the help of others, they were successful in the end. On the same note, members were highly respectful and patience with regards to the opinions of other members. Each opinion, regardless of how wrong it may seem, was accepted and later isolated with facts, and in a way that left everyone satisfied. In any situation where more than one person is involved, conflicts of interest are bound to arise. Likewise, our team had to struggle with conflicts resulting from different points of view. Working in a team is never an easy task; everyone has their opinions, all which have to be harmonized and integrated with the overall objective of the project (Schon 9). On this note I found myself in a tight corner- most of the time having to deal with a mixture of feelings. From the onset of the project, I felt somewhat awkward; some members seemed to dislike the tasks they were allocated. Furthermore, the team had to evaluate all the different opinions given by the members. As is not enough, the introverted team members who rarely contributed to the discussions felt out of place, and somehow unrecognized. To contain the conflict that could probably blow out of proportion, everyone was required to contribute each time a motion popped up. The collectively, each proposal was evaluated in a more c omprehensive and inclusive

Projects Risks Which Affect Schedule Or Resources Information Technology Essay

Projects Risks Which Affect Schedule Or Resources Information Technology Essay Risk management can be defined as identifying risks and drawing up plans to minimize their effect on a project. The term risk is used universally, but different people take different meanings to it. Risk management helps in decision making, but it depends upon the context in which it is used. For example, safety professionals view risk management in terms of reducing the accidents and injuries, while the insurance industry relies on risk management techniques when setting insurance rates. Likewise, each industry uses risk management, there is no universally accepted definition of risk. A risk is a probability that some adverse circumstance will occur. They may be of any type: Projects risks which affect schedule or resources Product risks which affect the quality or performance of the software being developed. Business risks which affect the organization development. Principles of risk management The  International Organization for Standardization  (ISO) identifies the following principles of risk management.12 Risk management should: create value be an integral part of organizational processes be part of decision making explicitly address uncertainty be systematic and structured be based on the best available information be tailored take into account human factors be transparent and inclusive be dynamic, iterative and responsive to change be capable of continual improvement and enhancement Defining risk Risks are simply potential problems. For example, every time we walk the street, we have the risk of being hit by the car. Until we make any commitment, the risk does not start. It ends when the problem occurs or the possibility of risk is eliminated. (we safely step on to the other side).A software project may encounter various types of risks: Technical risks include problems with languages, project size, project functionality, and platforms. These risks may result from excessive constraints, lack of experience. Management risks include lack of proper planning, lack of management experience and training, communication problems and control problems. Financial risks include cash flow, capital and budgetary issues and return on investment constraints. Contractual and legal risks include changing requirements, market driven schedules, health safety issues. Personnel risks include staffing lags, experience and training problems, ethical and moral issues, staff conflicts. Other resource risks include unavailability or late delivery of equipment supplies, inadequate tools, distributed locations and slow response times. Three conditions of risk As specific definitions of risk may vary, a few characteristics are common to all definitions. For risk to exist, the following three conditions must be satisfied. (charette, 1990): The potential for loss must exist Uncertainty to the eventual outcome must be present. Some choice or decision may be required to deal with the uncertainty and potential for loss. Basic Definition of risk The above three characteristics can be used to give a basic definition of word risk. Most definitions focus on the first two conditions, because they are the two measurable aspects of risk. Thus the essence of risk, no matter what domain, can be captured by the definition: Risk is the possibility of suffering loss (Dorofee, 1996). There are different definitions presented by many authors: A simple definition of risk is a problem that could cause some loss or threaten the success of the project, but which hasnt happened yet. These potential problems might have an adverse affect on the cost, schedule or technical success of the project, the quality of our software products or project team morale. Risk management is the process of identifying, addressing and eliminating these potential problems before they damage our project. (Wiegers, 1998) Risk is a combination of abnormal event or failure and the consequences of that event or failure to a systems operators, users or environment. A risk can range from catastrophic to negligible. (Glutch, 1994) Components of Risk As shown in figure 2, a risk can be described as a cause-and- effect pair, where the threat is the cause and the resulting consequence is the effect. So here, a threat can be defined as a circumstance with potential to create loss and the consequence is defined as the loss that will occur when a threat is realized (Alberts, 2009). Figure 2. Components of risk Risk Measures Three measures are associated with a risk: Probability Impact Risk exposure The relationships between probability and impact and the components of risk are shown in the figure 2. So here, probability is defined as a measure of likelihood that a threat will occur, while impact is defined as a measure of the loss that will occur if the threat is realized. Risk exposure provides a measure of the magnitude of a risk based on current values of probability and impact. Risk Management Risk management is a systematic approach for minimizing exposure to potential losses. It provides a disciplined environment for Continuously assessing what could go wrong Determining which risks to address. Implementing actions to address high-priority risks and bring those risks within tolerance. Risk management activities The three core risk management activities are Assess risk: transform the concerns people have into distinct, tangible risks that are explicitly documented and analyzed Plan for risk mitigation: determine an approach for addressing or mitigating each risk and prepare a plan for implementing the approach. Mitigate risk: dealing with each risk individually and implementing the appropriate mitigation plan and tracking the plan to completion. These three activities form the foundation of the risk management frame-work. Figure 3. Risk Management Activities Issue/Problem One of the fundamental conditions of risk is uncertainty regarding its occurrence. A risk, by definition, might occur or not. But an issue is a loss or adverse consequence that has occurred or certain to occur. With an issue, no uncertainty exists, the loss or adverse consequence has taken place or is certain to take place. Issues can also lead to other risks by Creating a circumstance that produces a new threat Making an existing threat more likely to occur Aggravating the consequence of the existing risks. Oppourtunity Risk is focused on the potential for loss, it does not address the potential for gain. The concept of oppourtunity is used to address the potential for gain. An oppourtunity is the likelihood of realizing a gain from an allocation or reallocation of resources. Oppourtunity defines a set of circumstances that provides the potential for a designed gain and requires an investment or action to realize that gain. Pursuit of an oppourtunity can produce new risks or issues, and it can also damage existing risks or issues. Risk management framework The risk management framework defines activities that are required to manage risk effectively. The main goal of the framework is to specify the core sequence of activities that must be executed when performing risk management. However, because risk management must be conducted within a broader context or environment, the framework also specifies activities to prepare for risk management as well as to sustain and improve the risk management practice over time. Figure 6 shows the three phases of the framework. Figure 6. Framework structure Phase 1 (prepare for risk management) is used to get ready for the other two phases. Phase 1 activities should be complete before activities in the other phases are executed. Phase 2(perform risk management activities) defines a set of activities for managing risk. Phase 2 activities are continually performed to ensure that the overall risk to key objectives is effectively managed overtime. The activities of phase 3(sustain and improve risk management) are normally performed on periodic basis to ensure that the risk management practice remains effective over time. Phase 3 activities are used to identify improvements to a risk management practice. While phase 1 is generally completed prior to beginning the other two, phases 2 and 3 are typically executed concurrently. The phase 2 of the frame work comprises the following three activities, which will be seen in detail in the risk management process. They are: Assess risk Plan for risk mitigation Mitigate risk The basic structure of the risk management framework can be defined as Phase 1 : prepare for risk management Phase 2 : perform risk management activities Assess risk Plan for risk mitigation Mitigate risk Phase 3 : sustain and improve risk management One of the main objectives of the framework is to provide a basis for evaluating and improving risk management process for a program or organization. Risk Management Process A risk management process is a method by which risks to the project (e.g. to the scope, deliverables, timescales or resources) are formally identified, quantified and managed during the execution of the project. The process entails completing a number of actions to reduce the likelihood of occurrence and severity of impact of each risk. A risk management process is used to ensure that every risk is formally: Identified Quantified Monitored Avoided, transferred or mitigated. 1.When to use a risk management process: Although the risk management process is undertaken during the execution phase of the project, project risks may be identified at any stage of the project lifecycle. In theory, any risk identified during the life of the project will need to be formally managed as part of the risk management process. Without a formal risk management process in place the objective of delivering a solution within time, cost and quality may be compromised. The risk management process is terminated only when the execution phase of the project is completed.(just prior to project closure). 2.Overview An overview of the risk mangement process will give the clear example of how each risk is identified within the project environment and how it is documented, escalated and mitigated as appropriate. Risk mangement will be undertaken on the project through the implementation of five key processes. Risk identification Risk analysis Risk planning Risk monitoring This process starts with the identification of a list of potential risks. Each of these risks is then analyzed and priortized. A risk management plan is created that identifies containment actions that will reduce the probability of the risk occuring and reduce the impact if the risk turns in to a problem. The plan also includes contingency actions that will taken if the risk turns in to a problem. The tracking step involves monitoring the status of know risks as well as the results of the risk redution actions. As new status and information are obtained, the risk management plans are updated accordingly. Tracking may also result in the addition of newly identified risks or in the closure of the known risks. The risk management process is an on-going part of managing the software development process. It is designed to be a continous feedback loop where additional information and risk status are utilized to refine the projects risk list and risk management plans. 5.10 Risk-man-process.eps 000FF90EMacintosh HD B8AA5F2E: Figure 4. The risk management process 2.1 Risk identification During the first step in the risk management process, the risks are identified and added to the list of known risks. The output of this step is a list of project-specific risks that have the potential of damaging the projects success. The following procedures can be undertaken to identify risks. Risk originator identifies a risk applicable to a particular aspect of the project. Risk originator completes a risk form and distributes the form to the project manager. Different types of risks associated with a project : Technology risks. People risks Organisational risks Requirements risks Estimation risks 2.2 Risk analysis During the risk analysis step, each risk is assessed to determine The probability, that the risk will result in loss Impact: the size or cost of that loss if the risk turns into a problem and Timeframe: when the risk needs to be addressed (risk associated with activities in the near future would have a higher priority then similar risks in later activities) The project manager reviews all the risks raised and determines whether or not each risk identified is applicable to the project. If the risk considered by the project manager is related to project, then a formal risk is raised in the risk register. The project manager will assign the level of impact. The list of risks is then prioritized based on the results of our risk analysis. Since resource limitations rarely allow the considerations of all risks, the prioritized list of risks is used to identify risks requiring additional planning and action. 2.3 Risk planning Taking the prioritized risk list as input, plans are developed for the risks chosen for action. Considering each risk, an appropriate strategy is developed to manage the risk. Different strategies are Avoidance strategies: the probability that the risk will arise is reduced. Minimisation strategies: The impact of the risk on the project or product will be reduced. Contingency plans: if the risk arises, contingency plans are plans to deal with that risk. After a formal review of each risk listed in the risk register, the project review group decides for action on it. Some of the risk management strategies: Prepare a briefing document for senior management showing how the project is making a very important contribution to the goals of the buziness to compensate for the organisational financial problems. Alert the customer of potential difficulties and the possibility of delays, investigate buying-in components to sustain any recruitment problems. Reorganize team so that there is more overlap of work and people therefore understand each others job, in case of staff illness. Replace potentially defective components with bought-in components of known reliability, incase of any defective components. Derive traceability information to assess requirements change impact, maximize information hiding in the design, in case if any requirements change. Investigate the possibility of buying a higher-performance database for database performance. Investigate buying in components and also the use of a program generator to compensate for the underestimated development time. 2.4 Risk monitoring The risk mitigating strategies assigned by the project review group are then implemented. These may include: Scheduling each action for implementation Implementing each action scheduled Reviewing the success of each action implemented Communicating the success of each action implemented. The monitoring step involves gathering data, compiling that data into information, and then reporting and analyzing that information. The results of the monitoring can be: Identification of new risks that need to be added to the risk list. Validation of known risk resolutions so risks can be removed from the risk list because they are no longer threat to project success. Information that dictates additional planning requirements Implementation of contingency plan. 3 Risk roles Define the roles and responsibilities for all human resources, both internal and external to the project who are involved with identification, review and mitigation of risks within the project. 3.1 Risk originator The risk originator identifies the risk and formally communicates the risk to the project manager. The risk originator is reponsible for: Identifying the risk within project Documenting the risk by completing the risk form Submitting the risk form to the project manager for review 3.2 Project manager The project manager receives each risk form and records and monitors the progress of all risks within the project. The project manager is responsible for: Receiving all risk forms and identifying whether the risk is appropriate to the project Recording all risks in the risk register Presenting all risks to the project review group Communicating all decisions made by the project review group Monitoring the progress of all risk mitigating actions assigned 3.3 Project review group The project review group confirms the risk likelihood and impact and assign risk mitigating actions where appropriate. The project review group is responsible for: The regular review of all risks recorded in the risk register Identifying change requests required to mitigate risks raised. Allocating risk mitigating actions Closing risks which are no longer likely to impact on the project. 3.4 Project team The project team undertake all risk mitigating actions delegated by the project review group. 4. Risk documents List any other documentation used to identify, track and control risks to the project. 4.1 Risk register The risk register is the log / datebase where all risks are registered and tracked through to closure. 4.2 Risk form The risk form is used to identify and describe a risk to the project. The below figure shows the data flow between various entities in the risk management process. Risk Management Process Figure 5. Dataflow between various entities in a risk management process Risk communication Risk communication is a complex cross-disciplinary academic field. Problems for risk communicators involve how to reach the intended audience, to make the risk comprehensible and relatable to other risks, how to pay appropriate respect to the audiences values related to the risk, how to predict the audiences response to the communication, etc. A main goal of risk communication is to improve collective and individual decision making. Risk communication is somewhat related to crisis communication. (Frederick, 1988) Seven cardinal rules for the practice of risk communication are Accept and involve the public/other consumers as legitimate partners. Plan carefully and evaluate your efforts with a focus on your strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Listen to the publics specific concerns. Be honest, frank, and open. Coordinate and collaborate with other credible sources. Meet the needs of the media. Speak clearly and with compassion. .

Robert E. Lee :: essays research papers

The idol of the South to this day, Virginian Robert E. Lee had some difficulty in adjusting to the new form of warfare that unfolded with the Civil war, but this did not prevent him from keeping the Union armies in Virginia at bay for almost three years. The son of Revolutionary War hero "Light Horse" Harry Lee-who fell into disrepute in his later years attended West Point and graduated second in his class. During his four years at the military academy he did not earn a single demerit and served as the cadet corps' adjutant. Upon his 1829 graduation he was posted to the engineers. Before the Mexican War he served on engineering projects in Georgia, Virginia, and New York. During the war he served on the staffs of John Wool and Winfield Scott. Particularly distinguishing himself scouting for and guiding troops, he won three brevets and was slightly wounded at Chapultepec. Following a stint in Baltimore Harbor he became superintendent of the military academy in 1852. When the mounted arm was expanded in 1855, Lee accepted the lieutenant colonelcy of the 2nd Cavalry in order to escape from the painfully slow promotion in the engineers. Ordered to western Texas, he served with his regiment until the 1857 death of his father-in-law forced him to ask for a series of leaves to settle the estate. In 1859 he was called upon to lead a force of marines, to join with the militia on the scene, to put an end to John Brown's Harper's Ferry Raid. Thereafter he served again in Texas until summoned to Washington in 1861 by Winfield Scott who tried to retain Lee in the U. S. service. But the Virginian rejected the command of the Union's field forces on the day after Virginia seceded. He then accepted an invitation to visit Governor John Letcher in Virginia. His resignation as colonel, 1st Cavalry-to which he had recently been promoted-was accepted on April 25, 1861. His Southern assignments included: major general, Virginia's land and naval forces (April 23, 1861); commanding Virginia forces (April 23 July 1861); brigadier general, CSA (May 14, 186 1); general, CSA (from June 14, 186 1); commanding Department of Northwestern Virginia (late July-October 1861); commanding Department of South Carolina, Georgia and Florida (November 8, 186 1-March 3, 1862); and commanding Army of Northern Virginia June 1, 1862-April 9, 1865). In charge of Virginia's fledgling military might, he was mainly involved in organizational matters. As a Confederate brigadier general, and later full general, he was in charge of supervising all Southern forces in Virginia. In the first summer of the war he was given his first field command in